Lying Moral Choice And Private Life - 2089 Words

When Sissela Bok first began her study of falsehood and truthfulness, she discovered a plethora of historical works devoted to the ethics of lying, whereas her contemporaries rarely even broached the subject. This distinct silence led her on a personal exploration into the world of deception, which resulted in her 1978 book, Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. Since the publication, lying has again become a popular topic of conversation, from the Monica Lewinsky scandal in 1998 to the IRS targeting controversy in 2013. Yet her goal in writing the book remains the same. She does not seek to prescribe the ultimate and final conclusion on lying. Instead, Bok attempts to bridge the divide between the moral philosopher and the common man, who is daily confronted with the need to make moral choices. She fulfills this task, but in the process, rejects the need for a general ruling principle, which endangers the individuals and societies she hopes to support. Bok does not espouse any extreme view on lying, however, she does seek to illuminate the consequences associated with lying, in hopes of decreasing its frequency in discourse within the public and private realms. On the outset of her book, Bok presents the definition of a lie. After reviewing a variety of definitions, she rejects some for being too broad, i.e., encompassing facial expressions and body language, and other definitions for being too narrow, i.e., excluding white lies and the such. Ultimately, sheShow MoreRelatedLying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life1205 Words   |  5 Pagesresort to lying in certain situation. Often times a lawyer will lie in order to protect his client, or vice versa, a client will tell a lie in order to avoid being incarnated. There are many situations an individual will be placed in, and at some point in a person’s life they will need to tell a lie. Is it appropriate to lie? This is what Sissela Bok writes about in Lying: Moral choice in Public and Pri vate Life. Bok acknowledges that despite numerous religious and moral statements against lying, peopleRead MoreShould We Legislate Morality? Essay896 Words   |  4 Pagesof separation between Church and State, and I think rightly so. Church and State should only be united in a theocracy America is not one of those and could not become one without changing the character of the nation. However, I am aware that the moral basis for the tradition of English law that the U.S. legislative and judicial systems are deeply rooted in, are based on essentially Christian principles. As I think that morality without Christ is ultimately empty, then to legislate true moralityRead MoreThere Can Be No Lying in Medicine Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagesharms them (227) in her article â€Å"Lying to the Sick and Dying†. However, while she refers to these arguments she debunks them because she thinks that doctors should not tell lies to their patients. On the other hand, M.Weil and M.Smith ar e for lying in their article â€Å"Truth Telling to Cancer Patients in the Western European Context†. In spite of everything and opinions, because of the importance of the truthfulness in terms of peoples’ rights to make free rational choices doctors should always tell theRead MoreQuestions On Ethics And Ethics Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages 1.8.1 Ethics Practices Ethics or ethical practices are pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality. 1.8.2 Unethical practices Lacking moral principles or unwilling to adhere to proper rules of conduct. 1.8.3 Forms of Unethical Practices 1.8.3.1 Bribery According Black s Law Dictionary, bribery is the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in charge of a public or legal duty. 1.8.3.2 CorruptionRead MoreThe Parenthood Of Connecticut, And Buxton, A Licensed Physician Serving As Medical Director For The League1719 Words   |  7 Pagesand Buxton argued that the statutes violated the Fourteenth Amendment, which states â€Å"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.† After both the Appellate Division of the Circuit Court and the Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut upheld the convictionRead MoreWhy Trust Is A Bond That Brings Humans1169 Words   |  5 Pages such as, being there for your mate. For example, trusting, supporting and showing genuine care for one another. Trust would also be demonstrated through consistency in his/her actions. For example, showing up for dates agreed-upon time. Keep ing private information just between the two of you and always respecting boundaries. If you only look at trust from these ways you limit trust. Trust covers nearly every aspect of our lives and displays who you are as individuals. Trust should be earned notRead MoreAristotle s Virtue Ethics Principles1380 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundational principle resides in happiness. Aristotle believes that the goal of human life is to be happy, but to live a happy, moral life; an individual needs to be virtuous in character. To help us understand this, Aristotle first explains that there are two kinds of virtues: intellectual virtue and moral virtue. Intellectual virtue can be learned through teaching, which requires experience and time. Moral virtue on the other hand, comes as the result from habit. Aristotle believes that everyRead MoreTeen Vandalism...Who Pays? Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesParents of teen vandals should be held responsible for their child’s act of vandalism becaus e, as parents, they maintain accountability of their children. Due to the consequences of their child’s act of destruction and lack of morals and values, parents who maintain by law, total accountability of their children owe it to their community to pay for all costs incurred. The repercussions of family embarrassment may, in the long run teach not only the children how to obey authority through implementedRead MoreEssay on Doublethink In 19841706 Words   |  7 Pagespractices it. Doublethink is different from changing ones mind, lying, and self-deception in many ways. Doublethink involves believing in the two contradictory ideas at the same time. This is different from lying because lying is saying something that is wrong and knowing that it is wrong but still saying it anyway. For example lets say you broke a vase. When your mother asks you who broke the vase and you say the dog did it that would be lying. The reason it is not doublethink is that you do not believeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Euthanasia973 Words   |  4 Pagesgoe s against people’s morals. In both situations, the patient is willingly taking their life, which is deemed wrong by the members of society. That being said, the Bible was written countless years ago when they didn’t have terminal illnesses, such as cancer. In those days, people would live to be about 150 years old, whereas now they only live to be an average of 75 years old. This change is caused by the chemicals that we put in our food and our lack of healthy choices. For example, approximately

Through Better Understanding Of Objectives â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Through Better Understanding Of Objectives? Answer: Introducation Communication is very important for business as through effective communication managers can inform workers regarding various jobs they need to do in an effective manner. Similarly through effective communication teams can inform and generate ideas and implement decisions through better understanding of objectives. Effective communication follows the process of encoding of message by the sender in a meaningful manner and then decoding of this message by the recipient. Noise is the interruptions that can operations the communication process leading to incorrect feedback. Noose is caused by barriers to communication 3 Firm can work effectively towards attainment of business goals only if the management, workforce and all other stakeholders are aware about the necessary actions to be taken. This can only be attained via effective communication. However there are certain issues in communication which create barriers. These can be lack of understanding of language, culture differences and complicated structure. Communication coming from different directions can also cause communication barriers. To function effectively firms need to remove these barriers to communication. 4 Barriers to business communication are classified into four major categories. Semantic barriers arise due to language, signs and gesture related misunderstanding. Obscure and faulty language written in a message can lead to this barrier. Also use of words with different meaning can lead to non-understanding of message by the receiver. For example the following sentence changes its meaning if the last four words are removed What is the value of computer education in the modern world and what is the value of computer education. Another barrier is psychological or emotional barrier where an individual judges information wrongly because of his psychological or emotional state. Premature evaluation is major communication hindrance caused by emotional issues. Sometimes receiver tries to read in between the lines or attaches meanings to words which are not openly said by the sender. Additionally receiver may show poor attention and retention of the message leading to errors in business functions. Distrust can also cause a psychological hindrance to communication and receiver may act differently despite getting the message correctly 5 Organisational barriers are another form of barriers to effective business communication. Sometimes employees may find organisational structure and line of authority confusing leading to lack of understanding of information. Policies may also give different inferences to the receiver. Lack of understanding of position and roles in an organisation may also lead to barrier. Addi Through Better Understanding Of Objectives tionally formal status related division of hierarchy in an organisation can become a barrier in bottom up communication as the employee may be afraid to speak his mind in from of superiors. Personal barriers to communication occur due to personal nature of the sender or the recipient. Some workers may be afraid of speaking truthfully to the superior. Moreover there may be lack of mutual respect which may act as a barrier. Also workers may lack confidence to communicate accurately. Also there may be unwillingness at certain levels to communicate due to personal nature of secrecy in some managers. Sometimes superiors do not have faith in ability of the subordinate and hence they do not communicate well with them leading to further errors. In certain cases incentive to communicate lacks. Audit is, workers feel they wont gain anything from communicating there issues. 6 In order to overcome communication barriers the firm needs to give communication skills training to its employees. Also the firm has to address the language issue. Clarity in media and mode of communication is requires. Also the organisation should have a clear structure with proper line of authority. All issues should be discussed and an environment of cooperation and coordination should be inculcated. Also fear and lack of confidence in employees should be addressed and removed. Managers should learn to trust the employees. Most barriers can be overcome if there is an atmosphere of trust and transparency in the organisation. 7 Therefore if a firm makes attempts to improve communication skills of the employees and bring in an environment of transparency, trust, respect and dialogue, barriers to communication can be removed References Guffey, M. E., 2012. Essentials of Business Communication. New York: Cengage Learning. Hartley, P., 2015. Business Communication: Rethinking your professional practice for the post-digital age. New York: Routledge. Krizan, A. B., 2010. Business Communication. New York: Cengage Learning. Mannan, Z., 2013. Business Communication: Strategies for Success in Business and management. New York: Saint Martin Publisher. Mitsuru, K., 2012. Interactive Business Communities: Accelerating Corporate Innovation through Boundary Networks. Hants: Gower Publishing. Monippally, 2013. Business communication: From Principles to Practice. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education,.

The New Weave- Culturally Inclusive Curriculum free essay sample

The needed support will rely on expertise, decisions and the involvement of key stakeholders such as; parents, teachers, the community and the Education Department in establishing, implementing and monitoring the procedures. Going through all this procedures is as important as culturally inclusive will not only involve within the classroom but within the community and the school. This assignment will be discussing the importance of culturally inclusive curriculum to students learning, then describe how as a teacher would facilitate the sharing of cultural experiences of students, outline the challenges faced when facilitating of cultural experiences and how it was dealt with and finally the concluding with the fact that diverse cultures in schools is emerging. Education is an introduction to worthwhile learning with teaching methods that must be morally accepted. Culture is the background or foundation of a person’s upbringing within their society which includes their store of important knowledge, skills and values expressed through their language and passing them on to the younger generation for the sake of cultural continuity and survival. We will write a custom essay sample on The New Weave- Culturally Inclusive Curriculum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this context, education and culture are inextricably linked since the content of all education has value of structure that is associated with a particular cultural scheme. As education and culture are inextricably linked, culturally inclusive curriculum is a vital approach to the education system. In most Oceanic societies today, traditional cultural values underpin much of what people emphasise and think about, and continue to be the framework that people use to justify their behaviour and to explain the behaviour of others†. (Thaman, 1988). To embrace the knowledge of diverse cultures of all students in education is to understand the cultural backgrounds of the students, from there, teachers will be able to create a learning space for their students’ which is known as ‘culturally inclusive curriculum’. With different cultural backgrounds and heritage ‘culturally inclusive curriculum’ is based on reflecting on students’ prior knowledge, views, values and understanding, teachers can then build on that foundation with activities and resources that are familiar to the students. The importance of a ‘culturally inclusive curriculum’ approaches have various benefits in the classroom, the school and the community. The Solomon Islands Education Strategic plan 2002-2004 takes this into consideration when it states: †¦there is an acceptance that education has increased tensions with communities†¦The education system is seen by many as being unconnected and antagonistic to the social and cultural values on which Solomon Island communities and society is based†¦Education must be available to all regardless of gender, ethnicity and socio-economic background of citizens. (Ministry of Education, Solomon Islands 2002:1-2). The approaches will be describing how a teacher would facilitate the sharing of cultural experiences of students which with benefits that will explain the essential features that will reflect back towards the students’ wellbeing that will be focused on enhancing students learning. The approaches are: Teaching programs will meet the specific needs of students from diverse backgrounds to ensure equitable learning outcomes where students are provided with support to develop language and literacy proficiency. While English is the major shared language within the Pacific Island countries, it can be used as a tool and mean of communication for our literacy and language development of the social, cultural, community and economic vitality of our nation to draw upon adoption of cultures such as language and a wide variety of languages other than English. Activities that they will be able to relate to, for example are: 1. Sharing ideas of the different uses of plants for medicinal purposes and other uses and plant names. This idea will bring students to able to make connections with other cultures as some plant names and uses will be similar. e. g. similar names of coconut; ini- Nauruan, naniu- Fijian and niu- Tongan and Hawaiian. 2. A discussion, students share stories of adapted languages. e. g. Story of how the Ikiribati and the Nauruan adopted a word A European boy came off a ship with a pet dog, the Ikiribati and the Nauruan bserved carefully at the strange looking creature and they asked each other, â€Å"What is it called? † The European boy called his dog, â€Å"come here Rover† The Ikiribati went back to his people and told them that the creature (dog) is called a ‘Dagamea’ as from the word ‘come here’. The Nauruan went back to his people and told his people that the creature (dog) is called ‘Robar’ as from the word ‘Rover’. Un til now in Kiribati, dagamea mean dog and in Nauru, robar means dog. These benefits are: Schools actively engage with parents and community members from diverse backgrounds to support the engagement and learning of their children this will enable the classroom to become an independent space which promotes open dialogue and communication to allow for personal and social education and will also encourage a cooperative learning. Students will develop an understanding and respect for different cultures, religions, values and views, as they are able to understand and see the similarities between their own cultural backgrounds and other cultures and relate to them. Diverse cultural backgrounds of all students are recognised and valued so no students are being left out but will be given the opportunity to express and share their own cultural background and build on their prior knowledge in a diverse and meaningful way this will enable students to gain confidence in their self image. The inference are the approach will analyse the cultural similarities, it is human nature that having something in common always attract interest and will create a diverse society within the classroom. Students will view that culture is a web of interrelationships and will provide meaning to and a framework for their existence in a particular society†. (Thanman , 2001). Pacific education must prepare our children for the reality of life beyond the walls of the classroom, the schoolyard and their familiar society; they must be a prepared for the complex life beyond their comfort zone, but to prepare them to inculcate values and character that would enable full a nd positive participation in both local cultural community life and in the global community. However, there is yet another perspective of the issue concerning the idea of sharing cultural experiences of student which are the challenges teachers will face when utilizing the idea. It is always best to speculate and evaluate the idea of adopting changes and the pedagogy used. In spite of the importance highlighted of the idea of sharing cultural experiences let us not overlook the challenges which the teacher will be facing. Challenges that I may be facing as a teacher are to mention a few are; trying to get to know all the cultural background of all my students and not leaving one behind due to my lack of knowledge and understanding, coming to terms with my own cultural beliefs, religion and values into accepting other beliefs, religions and values and the limited understanding of what curriculum reform was about and unable to satisfactorily implement the new curricula. Trying to get to know all the cultural background of all my students and not leaving one behind due to my lack of knowledge and understanding, is as a teacher, more research, planning and extra hard work have to be carried out. As some cultural experiences maybe dominant than the other, as a teacher I have to try to balance them out and be resourceful and creative in planning activities to be made as equally interesting and not letting one culture dominate the other. Coming to terms with my own cultural background, religion and values and accepting other beliefs, religions and values. As an adult without the opportunity of a culturally diverse upbringing or teacher training on the issue, it will be a challenge to understand and interrelate with other cultural beliefs especially when it comes to religion and beliefs. While moulding my students to be culturally diverse I will be going through the same process and learning myself. The limited understanding of what curriculum reform was about and unable to satisfactorily implement the new curricula of ‘culturally inclusive curriculum’. Due to my lack of knowledge of other cultural backgrounds, it will be a challenge to implement or even teach the new cultural inclusive curricula. In conclusion, culturally inclusive curriculum is an important approach in this modern time, as even though there will be challenges when teachers are actually facilitating the sharing of cultural experiences within the classroom. Culture inclusive in our curricula is becoming a demand due to the increase of multicultural backgrounds of students which has brought attention to educators to take action on the issue. Diverse cultures in Pacific schools is increasing so let us use this as an opportunity to prepare our children to be able to strive in the wider global network. Bibliography Ministry of Education, Solomon Islands. 2002. Education strategic plan 2002- 2004. Government of Solomon Islands, Solomon Is. Thaman, K. H. (1988). Ako and Faiako: cultural values, educational ideas and teachers’ role perceptions in Tonga. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of the South Pacific, Suva. Thanman, K. T. (2001). Culturally inclusive teacher education in Oceania. International Education Journel, 26 (5), 1-2.

African American History and Women Timeline 1900-1919

African American History and Women Timeline 1900-1919 The following is a timeline of African American womens history from 1900-1919. 1900 (September) Nannie Helen Burroughts and others founded the Womens Convention of the National Baptist Convention 1901 Regina Anderson born (librarian, Harlem Reaissance figure) 1902 Local white protests of the appointment of Minnie Cos as postmistress of Indianola, Mississippi, led to President Theodore Roosevelt suspending postal services to the town. (February 27) Marian Anderson born (singer) (October 26) Elizabeth Cady Stanton died (antislavery and womens rights activist) 1903 Harriet Tubman signed over her home for the elderly to the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Harriet Marshall founded the Washington (DC) Conservatory, admitting African American students Maggie Lena Walker founded St. Lukes Penny Savings Bank in Richmond, Virginia, becoming the first woman bank president Sarah Breedlove Walker (Madam C.J. Walker) begins her haircare business Ella Baker born (civil rights activist) Zora Neale Hurston born (writer, folklorist) 1904 Virginia Broughton published Womens Work, as Gleaned from the Women of the Bible Mary McLeod Bethune founded what is today Bethune-Cookman College 1905 Niagara Movement founded (out of which the NAACP grew) National League for the Protection of Colored Women founded in New York Ariel Williams Holloway born (musician, teacher, poet, figure in Harlem Renaissance) Constitution of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, Wobblies) included a provision that no working man or woman shall be excluded from membership in unions because of creed or color first outdoor tuberculosis camp in the United States was opened in Indianapolis, Indiana, sponsored by the Womens Improvement Club 1906 after a riot in Brownsville, Texas, President Theodore Roosevelt delivered dishonorable discharges to three companies of African American soldiers; Mary Church Terrell was among those formally protesting this action second meeting of the Niagara Movement met at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, with about 100 men and women in attendance Josephine Baker born (entertainer) Susan B. Anthony died (reformer, abolitionist, womens rights advocate, lecturer) 1907 Negro Rural School Fund was established by Anna Jeanes, aimed at improving education for rural southern African Americans Gladys Bentley, Harlem Renaissance figure, became known for her risque and flamboyant piano playing and singing Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller received the first federal art commission awarded to an African American woman for figurines of African Americans to be used at the Jamestown Tercentenniel Exposition 1908 call issued which resulted in 1909 founding of NAACP; women signers included Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Jane Addams, Anna Garlin Spencer, and Harriot Stanton Blatch (daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton) in Los Angeles, the Womans Day Nursery Association was formed to provide care for African American children whose mothers worked outside the home Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority founded 1909 Nannie Helen Burroughs founded the National Training School for Women, Washington DC Gertrude Steins novel Three Lives characterizes a black female character, Rose, as having the simple, promiscuous immorality of Black people. (February 12) National Negro Conference 1910 second conference of the National Negro Conference forms the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), with  Mary White Ovington  as a key organizer holding a variety of offices 1910-1947 including as member of the Executive Board and board chair, 1917-1919; later women leaders included Ella Baker and  Myrlie Evers-Williams (September 29) Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes founded by Ruth Standish Baldwin and George Edmund Haynes 1911 Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, Committee for the Improvement of Industrial Conditions Among Negroes in New York, and National League for the Protection of Colored Women merged, forming the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes (later just National Urban League) (January 4)  Charlotte Ray  died (first African American woman lawyer in the United States and the first woman admitted to the bar in the District of Columbia)   Edmonia Lewis  last reported in Rome; died that year or after (her death date and location are unknown) Mahalia Jackson born (gospel singer) (February 11)  Francis Ellen Watkins Harper  died (abolitionist, writer, poet) 1912 Virginia Lacy Jones born (librarian) Margaret Washington, newly elected president of the National Association of Colored Women, founded the periodical  National Notes 1913   Harriet Tubman  died (Underground Railroad conductor, abolitionist, womens rights advocate, soldier, spy, lecturer) Fannie Jackson Coppin died (educator) (February 4)  Rosa Parks  born (April 11) federal government officially segregates by race all federal workplaces, including rest rooms and eating facilities (-1915) Ruth Standish Baldwin served as president of the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes 1914 Marcus and Amy Jacques Garvey founded the Negro Universal Improvement Association in Jamaica this moved later to New York, promoting a homeland in Africa and independence in America for African Americans (or 1920) Daisy Bates born (civil rights activist) 1915 National Negro Health movement began to offer services to black communities, serving and including as health workers many African American women Billie Holiday born as Eleanora Fagan (singer) 1916 1917 Ella Fitzgerald born (singer)   Gwendolyn Brooks  born (poet) (June 30)  Lena Horne  born (singer, actress) (July 1-3) race riots in East St. Louis killed 40 to 200; 6,000 had to leave their homes (October 6)  Fannie Lou Hamer  born (activist) 1918 Frances Elliott Davis enrolled with the American Red Cross, the first African American nurse to do so (March 29)  Pearl Bailey  born 1919 NAACP founded with a number of women signing the call;  Mary White Ovington  became the first chairperson Pearl Primus born (dancer) Sarah Breedlove Walker (Madam C.J. Walker) died suddenly (executive, inventor, philanthropist);  ALelia Walker  becomes president of the Walker company Edmonia Highgate died (fundraiser, after the Civil War, for the Freedmans Association and the American Missionary Society, for educating freed slaves)

French Words Nouveau vs. Neuf

French Words Nouveau vs. Neuf English speakers sometimes find it difficult to translate new into French, due to confusion over the French words nouveau and neuf. In fact, the French adjectives have distinctly different meanings; the problem is actually caused by the fact that the English new has more than one meaning. Fortunately, this is an easy problem to remedy. Read over this lesson, learn the difference between nouveau and neuf, and you wont have any more trouble saying new in French. Nouveau Nouveau means new in the sense of new to the owner - a change or improvement; that is, something that is new because its different than what came before, regardless of whether it is brand new from the store. The opposite of nouveau is ancien (former).As-tu vu ma nouvelle voiture ?Have you seen my new car?(The car is not necessarily new out of the factory; new here means new to the speaker.)Il a mis une nouvelle chemise.He put a new shirt on.(He took off the shirt he was wearing and put a different one on in its place. The new shirt may or may not be new from the store; the important thing here is that it is different.)Cest nouveau.Its new.(I just bought/found/made it.)Nous avons un nouvel appartement.We have a new apartment.(We just moved.)Jai vu le nouveau pont.I saw the new bridge.(The replacement for the one that got washed out.) Nouveau precedes the noun it modifies and changes to agree in gender and number with it.nouveau - nouvelle - nouveaux - nouvellesNouveau has a special form for masculine nouns that begin with a vowel: nouvel. Note that une nouvelle is a piece of news and les nouvelles refer to the news in general. Neuf Neuf means new in the sense of brand new, fresh out of the factory, first of its kind. The opposite of neuf is vieux (old).Je nai jamais achetà © une voiture neuve.Ive never bought a new car.(I always buy used cars.)Il a achetà © une chemise neuve.He bought a new shirt.(He went to the store and bought a brand-new shirt.)Comme neuf.As good as new.(Its fixed, so now its just like new.)Nous avons un appartement neuf.We have a new apartment.(We live in a brand-new building.)Jai vu le Pont neuf.I saw the Pont neuf (in Paris).(Although this is the oldest bridge in Paris, at the time it was built and named, it was a brand-new bridge in a brand-new spot.) Neuf follows the noun it modifies and changes to agree in gender and number with it:neuf - neuve - neufs - neuves Remember that neuf is also the number nine:Jai neuf cousins - I have nine cousins. Nouveau vs Neuf In summary, nouveau means something has changed, while neuf indicates that something is newly-made. With this new knowledge, you shouldnt have any more trouble deciding whether to use neuf or nouveau.

Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Hamlet - Essay Example The general male attitude towards women is well elucidated by Hamlet in Act II, Scene 2: â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman† (Shakespeare, 29). Women were not considered able to think rationally and cleverly or worthy of being educated, take up employment, vote or hold public office. As a result, women lost their identity by meekly permitting themselves to be molded by the men in their lives (Brown). Gertrude and Ophelia, the two female characters in Elsinore, the Danish Royal Castle that is the epicenter of ‘Hamlet,’ are no exception. Although both are very beautiful, they are greatly disadvantaged due to the absence of female tradition and the absence of any significant female influence (like a mother or sister). They are dominated by the men in their lives. The hierarchy needed the presence of docile females so that they men could wield roles of power; Gertrude and Ophelia are such perfect docile foils to the dominant males in their lives (Brown). Both are depicted as weak and not self-reliant. They are both unable to think on their own and arrive at logical conclusions, but rely on the men in their lives to take decisions on their behalf (Angelfire.com). Gertrude tamely lets her life be molded by the three dominant males in her life – her first husband King Hamlet, her second husband Claudius and her son Hamlet. When King Hamlet dies, Gertrude is suddenly bereft of a major person who controlled her actions and identity. Acting by instinct, she makes haste to find a replacement as quickly as possible. In Act 1, Scene 2, she marries her brother-in-law Claudius just two months after King Hamlet’s death, well knowing that in those days a widow’s act of remarrying her husband’s brother was looked upon as incest (Melani). In an indication that shows Gertrude has never exercised the freedom or power of independent

Ancient Greece and Magna Graecia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ancient Greece and Magna Graecia - Essay Example Therefore, the Hellenic civilization flourished, later accepting the influences of native Latin civilization. The objective of the essay is to explore the influence of the Greek civilizations on its colonies and to know how far the Hellenic civilization embraced the hue of the native culture and civilization. Moreover, the focus will be to delve into to the ancient history to bring out the efforts of the indigenous people of the colonies to resist to maintain their own identity. The artifacts evidences will be explored to substantiate the stance. Hellenic art, which has a diverse subject matter and is enriched in stylistic development, flourished in an age which is distinguished by a strong sense of history. It was the age when museums and great libraries were established. The Hellenic art kept the traditions but had also made great innovations . The neo- Hellenic Art; the art which flourished in the Greek colonies had no precedence in earlier Greek art. As for example we find grotesques subjects; the figure of Greek Dwarf is, among the statuettes of the Hellenic civilization and Roman period, a standard example and type of grotesque. (Archaeological Institute of America; Vol.88 No.3, July, 1984, pp. 389-391) And the portraits of ethnic people, especially of Africans, betray the diversity of the Hellenic civilization. The new affluent class of consumers, who benefited from the trades, decorated their homes with luxury goods, such as bronzes statuettes, delicately carved furniture, sculptures made of stones and pottery with mold-made decorations. In the chapter on Pithekoussai and Cumae in The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily by Luca Cerchiai, Lorena Jannelli, Fausto Longo, there is a picture of Rhodian cup from the grave yards of Monte Vico, which dates back to 730 B.C., and it bears the inscription 'I am the goblet of Nestor, fine to drink from, but whoever drinks from this goblet will instantly be seized by desire for the well-crowned Aphrodite.' This inscription reveals the vast knowledge of the epic cycle and it also reveals that the owner of the cup or whosoever used it was quite familiar with the Iliad.The Romans were the avid collectors of Greek art who loved to decorate their houses with Greek sculpture as demanded by their taste and interests. The wall paintings of Boscreala are t he evidence of the classical milieu that the Romans aristocracy preferred for their homes. Archaeological Evidence: The Town Planning: (a)Hippodamus of Miletus Hippodamus of Miletus is the known Greek urban theorist. The world knows him from the brief description of Aristotle in Politics. Aristotle tells us that Hippodamus, "discovered the division of poleis" This refers to the physical planning of the cities which surely did not refer to the invention of grid plan, which was an ancient technique and was in use when Hippodamus was born. (Cahill, 2002). Hippodamus introduced, in his utopia, the tripartite system; his polis, comprising of 10,000 citizens, was divided into three sections, one section was for artisans, the other for farmers and the third section was for soldiers. Likewise the land was also divided in three parts; religious, public and the private part. This numerology of Hippodamus is attributed to his background of Ionian